I believe that a “burner phone” is one you use once then toss. The “pre-paid” can be a burner phone if I understand it correctly. Maybe someone else will chime in on that.
Yes, you cell phone has a GPS location ability. Most phones give you the option of cutting that feature off, but emergency services 911 can still know your location should you call them and I’m sure any agency that wants to know your location or track history can still access that data as well.
The new “smart” phones do not have a means of removing the battery, at least mine does not, unlike my old flip phone. It can be accessed by those having the technology to do so even when you turn it off. Not only are you carrying the means to be tracked, you also are carrying a bugging device that can be used to monitor conversations. Possibly the camera, too.
I have a phone case that is EMP proof. I can slip my phone inside and all signal is blocked both in and out. They can be had on Amazon for little cost. I think mine was @ $9. But don’t overlook the computer module in your vehicle, especially if you drive a newer vehicle with GPS. Information from your computer module/GPS can also be accessed.