I agree with Namelus, geodesic domes are excellent.
Another couple of options are ‘wattle and daub’ or straw bale construction, depends on where you are and what is available.
While the two later options take longer to build, they can last a very long time. I know of straw bale houses over 100 years old and there are wattle buildings that are centuries old.
But for quick and dirty, it’s hard to beat a yurt, you can build (make) one yourself although it really takes two to put it up.